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E18 (blink code 10010) means an open circuit on the glow pin. Check resistance at 20°C: air heaters 0.42–0.7Ω (12V); coolant heaters 0.4–0.6Ω (12V); both 1.2–2.0Ω (24V). Replace the plug and tighten connections if open.

E14 (blink code 01110) on HLN coolant heaters means the flame went out after a successful start. Work down the factory list: fuel level, fuel quantity test, air leaks, intake/exhaust, fuel grade, glow pin, water circulation, then flame sensor or ECU.

E12 (blink code 01100) on HLN coolant heaters means an open circuit on the water temperature sensor — resistance too high. A reading above 2000 kΩ or below 3 kΩ means the sensor is damaged and must be replaced.

E11 (blink code 01011) means a temperature-sensor short circuit: the inlet air temperature sensor on air heaters, the water (coolant) temperature sensor on coolant heaters. On coolant heaters, a reading above 2000 kΩ or below 3 kΩ means the sensor is damaged.

E06 (blink code 00110) on HLN air heaters means a short circuit on the overheat sensor — resistance below 500 ohms without combustion. The disconnect-and-rescan test tells you whether to replace the sensor or the ECU.

E05 (blink code 00101) on HLN air heaters means an open circuit on the overheat sensor — resistance above 2000 kΩ. Measure between the blue and brown/white wires against the temperature-resistance table.